最权威的不确定度评定指南

最权威的不确定度评定指南

Contents

    1 Scope and Field of Application

   2 Introduction

   3 Principles of traceability

   3.1 Methods, Measurands and Results

   3.2 Measurement scales, standards and units

   3.3 Calibration

   3.4 Effects on measurement results

   3.5 Controlling fixed conditions

   3.6 Controlling variables with calibration standards

   3.7 Common references allow arbitrary definition

   3.8 Role of method development

   3.9 Role of method validation

   3.10 Traceability and measurement uncertainty

   4 Traceability: The International Definition

   5 International System of Quantities and Units (SI)

   6 Establishing Traceability

   6.1 Essential activities in establishing traceability

   6.2 Specifying the measurand and required uncertainty

   6.3 Choosing a suitable method

   6.4 Validation

   6.5 Importance of different influence quantities

   6.6 Choosing and applying appropriate reference standards

   6.7 Uncertainty estimation

   7 Choice of the Reference

   7.1 Introduction

   7.2 Physical measurements

   7.3 Confirmation of identity

   7.4 Calibration with certified reference materials

   7.5 Calibration with other materials

   7.6 Calibration using reference data

   7.7 Reference materials for Method Development, Validation and

Verification.

   7.8 Assessing the traceability of commercial reference materials

   8 Reporting Traceability

   9 Conclusion

   10 Bibliography

   Appendix: Examples of Establishing Traceability

   1. Preparation of a calibration standard

   2. Cadmium Release from Ceramic Ware